Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains widely misunderstood, with various myths and misconceptions circulating, even today. The stigma around mental health issues and outdated ideas about ADHD have led to fiction being treated as fact. It’s time to look at the truth about some of the most common ADHD myths.
Myth #1: ADHD isn’t real
This myth persists despite the evidence proving ADHD is a legitimate medical disorder. Brain scanning research shows differences in brain structure and activity between those with and without ADHD.
For example, the brains of people with ADHD show less activity in areas that control executive functions like focusing, planning, and impulse control. There are also measurable structural differences including reduced volume in certain brain regions. Additionally, studies of twins show ADHD has a high heritability rate, confirming genetics play a major role.
Myth #2: Only children have ADHD
While ADHD symptoms often become apparent in childhood, ADHD does not only affect children. Longitudinal studies tracking children with ADHD into adulthood consistently show that 35-65% continue experiencing symptoms like inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.
The DSM-5 diagnostic manual now recognizes ADHD as a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder for the majority of individuals. The challenges and impairments caused by ADHD frequently persist through the teen years and into adulthood, affecting school, work, relationships, and more. Diagnosing and treating ADHD properly at all ages is important.
Myth #3: ADHD is the result of bad parenting
While parenting strategies can help children manage ADHD symptoms, research confirms ADHD is not caused by parenting style. Brain imaging shows neurological differences in those with ADHD. There is also a strong genetic component, with ADHD running in families. While positive parenting provides important support, it does not cause or cure ADHD. Perpetuating this myth contributes to parent-blaming and stress.
Myth #4: People with ADHD are lazy and unintelligent
This myth stems from the misconception that ADHD is simply an issue with effort and character. In reality, when symptoms are properly managed, ADHD has little impact on intelligence or achievement levels. However, the executive functioning difficulties those with ADHD face can make it harder to focus, organize, and complete tasks. This is not a reflection of laziness or low intellect, but rather a sign that different strategies and more support may be required.
Myth #5: ADHD is overdiagnosed
Actually, research suggests ADHD is underdiagnosed, especially in girls and minorities. Many children with ADHD are never identified. Additionally, less than 20% of adults with ADHD are diagnosed and treated. Too often, ADHD symptoms in adults are dismissed as laziness or forgetfulness instead. Increased awareness of how ADHD presents at different ages is important to ensure access to care.
The myths around ADHD can be harmful and stigmatizing. However, understanding the facts behind these common misconceptions is a positive step towards better education, diagnosis, and compassion for those living with ADHD.
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